Die Gedachte Natur - Ursprung, Geschichte, Sinn und Grenzen der Naturwissenschaft

Fülszöveg

Die moderne Naturwissenschaft zeigt eindrucksvoll die große Reichweite des menschlichen Denkens - sie wirft aber auch die Frage nach ihrer menschengerechten Anwendung auf und führt an unüberwindliche Grenzen jeder Erkenntnis. Tragweite und Grenzen der Wissenschaft verweisen uns zurück auf uralte Fragen der Philosophie, zum Beispiel auf die Suche altgriechischer Denker nach den Urprinzipien der Natur oder auf das „Wissen vom Nichtwissen“ des Nikolaus von Kues. Der Blick auf 2500 Jahre Geschichte des Denkens über die Natur soll dabei helfen, die moderne Naturwissenschaft wieder in die großen Sinn- und Wertzusammenhänge menschlichen Lebens zu stellen. The explanation of nature in theoretical terms was first postulated and initiated by Ancient Greek philosophers. With the rise of monotheistic religions, however, curiosity about our transient world was widely regarded as contributing nothing to salvation. There was a decline in natural philosophy, which lasted for several centuries and was then reversed both in Islamic philosophy and in Christian theology in the Middle Ages. At this point, the "Book of Nature" was recognized as a complement to the Book of Revelation. Originally, Aristotelian philosophy played the leading part in this process, but only after Aristotelian physics was substituted by experimental mathematical mechanics did it become possible for modern science to develop. General laws of physics form the basis of the explanation of events in space and time, including life processes. However, modern science has also revealed its own limitations. The scope and limits of scientific knowledge allows for different philosophical, cultural and religious interpretations of human beings and the universe. The history of science demonstrates erratic and persistent developments, but the long-term retrospective view discredits extreme forms of relativism and structuralism. Science appears as a construct of the human mind, and yet it is capable of generating valid explanations of nature. In the book more attention than usual is given to Heraclitus, al Kindi, Thierry of Chartres, John Donne and Schelling, and particular emphasis is placed on Nicolas de Cusa.